The mappings (and their mnemonics) are as follows: 

First row (going left to right from Q key): 

• Q –> ق. Q for “qaf”. 
• W –> ّ. This is based on visual similarity. 
• E –> ش. The “ee” in “sheen” is used as the mnemonic. It was not mapped to S or Shift + S since other letters [“seen” (س) and “swod” (ص)] were closer in similarity to the letter S. 
• R –> ر. R for “raa”. 
• T –> ت. T for“taa”. 
• Y –> ي. Y for “yaa”. 
• U –> ع. “Ain” and sounds like a guttural U. 
• I –> ء. The hamza can sound similar to I, depending on its usage. 
• O –> و. “Waaw” can sound similar O or “oo” depending on its usage. 
• P –> لا. This means “no” in Arabic – there is no letter “P” in Arabic – hence the mnemonic. 

Second row (going left to right from A key): 

• A –> ا. A for “alif”. 
• S –> س. S for “seen”. 
• D –> د. D for “daal”. 
• F –> ف. F for “faa”. 
• G –> غ. G for “ghayn”. 
• H –> ه. H for “haa”. 
• J –> ج. J for “jeem”. 
• K –> خ. This is written “khaa” and is hence mapped to K. 
• L –> ل. L for “laam”. 

Third row (going left to right from Z key): 

• Z –> ز. Z for “zaa”. 
• X –> ث. The pronunciation of “thaa” sounds similar to that of X. 
• C –> ك. Since K is already mapped to “khaa”, “kaaf” is mapped to C. 
• V –> ذ. The pronunciation of “dhaal” sounds similar to that of X. 
• B –> ب. B for “baa”. 
• N –> ن. N for “noon”. 
• M –> م. M for “meem”.

For shift mode, the mappings are as follows: 

First row (going left to right from Q key): 

• Shift + Q –> ÷. This division symbol was mapped using the mnemonic “quotient”.  
• Shift + W –> ْ. “Sukoon” was mapped to the same key as “shaddah”. 
• Shift + E –> آ.  Since A and Shift + A are occupied by more common letters, this was mapped to E – which sounds similar. 
• Shift + R –> ٱ. Alif waslah (not found on standard 101 Arabic keyboards) is a silent letter. It was mapped adjacent to alif maddah. 
• Shift + T –> ط. This is like a heavier version of “taa”, so it was mapped to Shift + T. 
• Shift + Y –> ئ. This is another form of ي, and was hence mapped to Shift + Y. 
• Shift + U –> أ. A and Shift + A are taken, and this sounds a bit similar to U.  
• Shift + I –> إ. This sounds like a short “I”.  
• Shift + O –> ؤ. This is another form of و, and is hence mapped to Shift + W. 
• Shift + P –> لأ. This is very similar to لا, and is hence mapped to Shift + P. 

Second row (going left to right from A key): 

• Shift + A –> ى. This another form of “alif”, and is hence mapped to Shift + A.  
• Shift + S –> ص. This is like a heavier form of “seen” (س), and was hence mapped to Shift + S. 
• Shift + D –> ض. This is like a heavier form of “daal” (د), and was hence mapped to Shift + D. 
• Shift + F –> َ. F for “fathah”. 
• Shift + G –> ٰ. This was mapped based on its proximity to “fathah”. 
• Shift + H –> ح. This is like a heavier form of “haa” (ه), and was hence mapped to Shift + H. 
• Shift + J –> ُ. This was mapped based on its proximity to “kasrah”. 
• Shift + K –> ِ. K for “kasrah”. 

• Shift + L –> لإ. This isل  with an added alif, and is hence mapped to Shift + L. It is also located close and almost right below the similar “laam alif” (لا) and “laam alif with hamza above” (لأ) – mirroring the location of their hamzas. 

Third row (going left to right from Z key): 

• Shift + Z –> ظ. This is like a heavier form of “zaa” (ز), and is hence mapped to Shift + Z. 
• Shift + X –> ×. This looks similar to X. 
• Shift + C –> ٌ. This is mapped based on its proximity to “kasrataan”
  
• Shift + V –> ٍ. This is mapped based on its proximity to “fathah”
  
• Shift + B –> ـ. “Tatweel” (meaning “space”) is used for lengthening certain letters and was mapped adjacent to the spacebar. 
• Shift + N –> ً. This sounds like “un” – and was hence mapped mnemonically to Shift + N. 
• Shift + M –> ة. “Taa marbuta” was mapped mnemonically to Shift + M. 

The remaining keys (such as the numbers, brackets, apostrophe, comma, etc.) are the same as on a QWERTY keyboard – except for the following: 

• Grave accent (`) was changed to “maddah above”. 
• English punctuation marks were changed to their Arabic equivalents: 

• • English question mark (?) was changed to Arabic question mark (؟). 
  • English comma (,) was changed to Arabic comma (،). 
  • English semicolon (;) was changed to Arabic semicolon (؛).